Augustus, the first emperor of Rome had in his empire 25 legions of approximately 6,000 soldiers each. A legion was formed of 10 Cohorts (540 men in each Cohort). Each Cohort was subdivided into 6 Centuries (90 men formed a Century), and each legion had a wing of 120 cavalry.
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The religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Egyptians were complex and deeply intertwined with their daily lives. Here are some key aspects: Polytheistic Belief: Ancient Egyptians believed in a pantheon of gods and goddesses who governed vario...
In the Bible, an alabaster jar refers to a type of container made from alabaster stone. Alabaster is a soft, white or translucent mineral often used in ancient times for crafting vessels or containers for various purposes. One notable mention of an a...
Around 1000 BC David became king over Israel and conquered the Jebusites and stormed their fortress on Mount Zion (1 Sam. 5:5-9). Jerusalem became his home and the capital of his kingdom. He brought the Ark of the Covenant to the city and danced befo...
Pompey was a military genius and his soldiers recognized this and referred to him as “Magnus” which means the great, thus the name Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. Source: Pompey the Great...
In the Bible, the crown of thorns is mentioned in the account of Jesus' crucifixion. Matthew 27:29, Mark 15:17, and John 19:2 describe how the Roman soldiers twisted thorns into a crown and placed it on Jesus' head as a form of mockery and humiliatio...
There are five primary sources for the study of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, the Temple of Herod. They are: The BibleThe Books of MaccabeesJosephus*The Dead Sea ScrollsThe Mishna** *War book 5, chapter 5; Antiquities book 15 chapter 11**tractates ...
The seven hills of Rome were very noticeable in the landscape of the city of Rome. The hills were no higher than 60 yards, but they had steep slopes that rose above the flat marshland. Several small streams flowed between the seven hills. The names o...
The Wilderness of Judea, mentioned in the Bible, refers to a geographical region located east of Jerusalem and extending toward the Dead Sea. It is characterized by its rugged terrain, barren landscapes, and limited vegetation, making it a challengin...
According to history the Emperor of Rome at the time of Jesus’ birth was Augustus. In 27 B.C., the Senate of Rome voted to give him the title Augustus, which means “the respected one.” He ruled the empire until 14 A.D. In the Bible Luke refers ...
The etymology of the name Jerusalem is not certain; it is apparently of Semitic origin. An Egyptian notice from the third quarter of the nineteenth century B.C. mentions Urusalimum. The Assyrians called it Ursalimmu. Modern scholars take these names ...
Ancient Mesopotamia, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, made significant contributions to the development of civilization. Here are some of its notable achievements: Writing System: Mesopotamia is credited with the invention of one of ...
Yes, the Bible mentions the Mediterranean Sea on multiple occasions, as it played a significant role in the geographical and cultural context of the biblical world. Here are a few references: In Exodus 23:31, God promises to give the Israelites the l...
In ancient Roman religion, Jupiter was the chief of the gods. The name “Jupiter” means “the best and greatest” (Optimus Maximus). He was identified with the Greek god Zeus. Jupiter was the spirit of the sky and worshiped as the god of thunder...
The Bible does not provide specific details about Abraham's dress or clothing. However, we can infer some general information about the attire of people during that time period and cultural context. Abraham lived during the early second millennium BC...
The main sources available estimate that the population of those living in Jerusalem during the time of Jesus was probably around 80,000 to 100,000 citizens. But during the Passover hundreds of thousands of Jews from the Diaspora would pour into Jeru...
This map reveals the “Nations” within the ancient world during the first century A.D., the time of the New Testament. The New Testament world includes the areas of Israel, Asia, Greece, and Italy. During the life of Jesus his ministry took place ...
The Caspian Sea was not mentioned in the Bible. In Old Testament times the Caspian Sea was mainly just a large body of water marking the northeast corner of what we recognize as the world of the Old Testament. One interesting fact is that the Caspian...
The Pantheon, or the temple of all the gods. It is the best preserved ancient building in Rome and is universally admired for its fine dome and beautiful columns. Source: The Pantheon...
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