The Megiddo Seal

Israel: Megiddo
Babylonian Period
Reign of Jeroboam, (8th cent. BC)
Roaring Lion with curved tail
Jasper, Inscription
Oval-shaped, Scaraboid
1.2 H, 1.5 in W
A single line encircles the seal
(Babylonian Per. Hebrew Script)
Discovered in 1904
Lost in Constantinople
Archaeological Museum, Istanbul
R: Rockefeller Museum, Jerusalem

Seal Discoveries in Israel

There have been numerous seals excavated in Israel, many having been the seals of ministers and high officials. Some contain personal names of people mentioned in the Bible including kings of Israel and Judah. No seal has been discovered as of yet, which actually belonged to a king of Israel or Judah.

Seal of Megiddo

This seal was discovered in 1904 during the earliest excavation of Megiddo, led by Gottlieb Schumacher. This was a seal belonging to a royal minister in the 8th century BC. It is engraved with the figure of a roaring lion  (symbol of the kingdom of Judah) with a beautiful curved tail and was skillfully executed. The inscription reads "Shema" on top, and "Servant of Jeroboam" on the bottom.

"Shema servant of Yarob'oam"

The inscription actually proclaims the name and rank of its owner, one of the ministers of King Jeroboam II who reigned from 787-747 BC. The word "servant" is the Hebrew word "ebed" and is mentioned in the Bible as one of high dignity in the government. Many seals have been discovered with similar inscriptions like "the servant of the king."

King Jeroboam

2 Kings 14:23-25 In the fifteenth year of Amaziah the son of Joash, king of Judah, Jeroboam the son of Joash, king of Israel, became king in Samaria, and reigned forty-one years. And he did evil in the sight of the LORD; he did not depart from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who had made Israel sin.

Jeroboam means, "may the people grow numerous." He was Jeroboam II, the son of Joash, king of Israel. The Lord had pity on Israel in the north, according to the prophet Jonah, and allowed Assyria to weaken Damascus and Hamath to relieve Israel of the Syrian yoke. Jeroboam II came in and conquered the territory (II Ki 14). This made the Northern Kingdom powerful and wealthy, although the prophet Amos protested against their boasting. It is interesting that he chose the name Jeroboam, since Jeroboam I was the first King of the Northern Kingdom in the early 10th century BC, who Solomon sought to kill, he fled to Egypt and gained refuge by King Shishak until Solomon died. Jerobaom I was at constant war with the House of David in the south and he is mentioned as the one who had led Israel into idolatry. According to the Bible every king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel was evil.

Archaeological Excavations

Excavations at Samaria, the capital of the Northern Kingdom, have the enormous wealth that existed in Israel during the reign of Jeroboam II in the eighth century B.C. Excavations reveal that Jeroboam II refortified the city with a double wall,  thirty-three feet in width, which made their fortifications so substantial that the mighty Assyrian army took three years to capture the city (2 Kings 17:5). There was a beautiful palace of limestone with a strong rectangular tower massive outer court, the archaeologist, professor Yadin, has said of the buildings uncovered at Hazor and attributed to Jeroboam that they are "among the finest of the entire Israelite period." This jasper seal discovered at Megiddo no doubt demonstrates the prosperity of Israel during this time.

The Biblical Comparison

It is very interesting that the Jasper Seal of Megiddo would contain the symbol for the Southern Kingdom of Judah. But in examining all of the circumstances involved and seeing what the Bible says it is no wonder that the prosperous and victorious Northern Kingdom of Israel would boast with a symbol of their rival. Lets go back just a few verses and see what happened just before Jeroboam II became king:

2 Kings 14:12-14 And Judah was defeated by Israel, and every man fled to his tent. Then Jehoash king of Israel captured Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Jehoash, the son of Ahaziah, at Beth Shemesh; and he went to Jerusalem, and broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Gate of Ephraim to the Corner Gate--four hundred cubits. And he took all the gold and silver, all the articles that were found in the house of the LORD and in the treasuries of the king's house, and hostages, and returned to Samaria.

Israel in the north had conquered Judah in the south and carried away the contents of the Jerusalem temple to Samaria, along with titles to large tracts of Judaean land. This would no doubt have made Jeroboam feel that he was entitled to exercise his power over the southern kingdom and use Judah's symbol as a symbol of his own.

This is another amazing verification of history and the Bible, where archaeology not only confirms the accuracy of God's Word, but also answers some of the difficult questions in Scripture.

Other Discoveries Referencing the Kings of Israel and Judah

There have been more discoveries mentioning the kings of Israel and Judah including:

? A seal with the inscription "Abijah the servant of Uzziah," which is almost identical to the way it is mentioned in the Bible.

? A clay seal on which is written "Ahaz (son of) Jotham King of Judah"

? Another reference is an inscription on a building of the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III stating that "Jehoahaz (Ahaz) of Judah" paid tribute to the Assyrian king."

? The burial inscription of king Uzziah has been found with instructions not to open the tomb, not bad advice considering that Uzziah was a leper.

? Ration lists have been recovered from Babylon which have the names of Johiachin and his sons who had received rations from the Royal Court.

? It is also interesting to note that the seal of Gedaliah, who was not a king but an appointed governor has also been found.

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For more information about the history of Tel Megiddo and various excavations please click on the below picture from the Tel Aviv University:

The Evidence of Archaeology

The evidence of archaeology helps to give us:

1. Confidence that the places and people mentioned in the Bible are accurate, even though those places and people existed thousands of years in the past.

2. Confidence that the details of the Biblical accounts have not changed over the centuries since it was written as we have a "fixed fact" in history. 

3. Confidence that everything that the Lord speaks will be fulfilled in its time.

Isa 46:8-10 "Remember this, and show yourselves men; Recall to mind, O you transgressors. Remember the former things of old, For I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like Me, Declaring the end from the beginning, And from ancient times things that are not yet done, Saying, 'My counsel shall stand, And I will do all My pleasure,' 

 

Written by Rusty Russell (Bible History Online)

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The Kings of Israel (all wicked)

Jeroboam I (933-911 BC) twenty-two years

Nadab (911-910) two years

Baasha (910-887) twenty-four years

Elah (887-886) two years

Zimri (886) seven days

Omri (886-875) twelve years

Ahab (875-854) twenty-two years

Ahaziah (855-854) two years

Jehoram (Joram) (854-843) twelve years

Jehu (843-816) twenty-eight years

Jehoahaz (820-804) seventeen years

Jehoash (Joash) (806-790) sixteen years

Jeroboam II (790-749) forty-one years

Zechariah' (748) six months

Shallum (748) one month

Menahem (748-738) ten years

Pekahiah (738-736) two years

Pekah (748-730) twenty years

Hoshea (730-721) nine years

 

The Kings of Judah (8 were good)

Rehoboam (933-916 BC) seventeen years

Abijam (915-913) three years

Asa (Good) (912-872) forty-one years

Jehoshaphat (Good) (874-850) twenty-five years

Jehoram (850-843) eight years

Ahaziah (843) one year

Athaliah (843-837) six years

Joash (Good) (843-803) forty years

Amaziah (Good) (803-775) 29 years

Azariah (Uzziah) (Good) (787-735) fifty-two years

Jotham (Good) (749-734) sixteen years

Ahaz (741-726) sixteen years

Hezekiah (Good) (726-697) 29 years

Manasseh (697-642) fifty-five years

Amon (641-640) two years

Josiah (Good) (639-608) thirty-one years

Jehoahaz (608) three months

Jehoiachim (608-597) eleven years

Jehoiachin (597) three months

Zedekiah (597-586) eleven years

Some Scriptures mentioning the name "Jeroboam"

 

2 Kings 23:15 - Moreover the altar that [was] at Bethel, [and] the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, had made, both that altar and the high place he brake down, and burned the high place, [and] stamped [it] small to powder, and burned the grove.

2 Chronicles 13:3 - And Abijah set the battle in array with an army of valiant men of war, [even] four hundred thousand chosen men: Jeroboam also set the battle in array against him with eight hundred thousand chosen men, [being] mighty men of valour.

1 Kings 16:2 - Forasmuch as I exalted thee out of the dust, and made thee prince over my people Israel; and thou hast walked in the way of Jeroboam, and hast made my people Israel to sin, to provoke me to anger with their sins;

1 Kings 12:32 - And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that [is] in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made.

2 Chronicles 13:19 - And Abijah pursued after Jeroboam, and took cities from him, Bethel with the towns thereof, and Jeshanah with the towns thereof, and Ephrain with the towns thereof.

1 Kings 16:3 - Behold, I will take away the posterity of Baasha, and the posterity of his house; and will make thy house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat.

1 Kings 14:7 - Go, tell Jeroboam, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Forasmuch as I exalted thee from among the people, and made thee prince over my people Israel,

1 Kings 13:33 - After this thing Jeroboam returned not from his evil way, but made again of the lowest of the people priests of the high places: whosoever would, he consecrated him, and he became [one] of the priests of the high places.

Amos 1:1 - The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake.

1 Kings 16:7 - And also by the hand of the prophet Jehu the son of Hanani came the word of the LORD against Baasha, and against his house, even for all the evil that he did in the sight of the LORD, in provoking him to anger with the work of his hands, in being like the house of Jeroboam; and because he killed him.

1 Chronicles 5:17 - All these were reckoned by genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel.

2 Kings 14:23 - In the fifteenth year of Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel began to reign in Samaria, [and reigned] forty and one years.

1 Kings 13:4 - And it came to pass, when king Jeroboam heard the saying of the man of God, which had cried against the altar in Bethel, that he put forth his hand from the altar, saying, Lay hold on him. And his hand, which he put forth against him, dried up, so that he could not pull it in again to him.

1 Kings 21:22 - And will make thine house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah, for the provocation wherewith thou hast provoked [me] to anger, and made Israel to sin.

2 Kings 9:9 - And I will make the house of Ahab like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah:

2 Chronicles 13:15 - Then the men of Judah gave a shout: and as the men of Judah shouted, it came to pass, that God smote Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah.

2 Chronicles 13:13 - But Jeroboam caused an ambushment to come about behind them: so they were before Judah, and the ambushment [was] behind them.

Hosea 1:1 - The word of the LORD that came unto Hosea, the son of Beeri, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, [and] Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash, king of Israel.

Amos 7:10 - Then Amaziah the priest of Bethel sent to Jeroboam king of Israel, saying, Amos hath conspired against thee in the midst of the house of Israel: the land is not able to bear all his words.

2 Kings 14:28 - Now the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, and all that he did, and his might, how he warred, and how he recovered Damascus, and Hamath, [which belonged] to Judah, for Israel, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

1 Kings 11:31 - And he said to Jeroboam, Take thee ten pieces: for thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, Behold, I will rend the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and will give ten tribes to thee:

1 Kings 14:5 - And the LORD said unto Ahijah, Behold, the wife of Jeroboam cometh to ask a thing of thee for her son; for he [is] sick: thus and thus shalt thou say unto her: for it shall be, when she cometh in, that she shall feign herself [to be] another [woman].

1 Kings 14:6 - And it was [so], when Ahijah heard the sound of her feet, as she came in at the door, that he said, Come in, thou wife of Jeroboam; why feignest thou thyself [to be] another? for I [am] sent to thee [with] heavy [tidings].

1 Kings 14:16 - And he shall give Israel up because of the sins of Jeroboam, who did sin, and who made Israel to sin.

1 Kings 12:20 - And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel: there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.

2 Chronicles 12:15 - Now the acts of Rehoboam, first and last, [are] they not written in the book of Shemaiah the prophet, and of Iddo the seer concerning genealogies? And [there were] wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam continually.

1 Kings 12:15 - Wherefore the king hearkened not unto the people; for the cause was from the LORD, that he might perform his saying, which the LORD spake by Ahijah the Shilonite unto Jeroboam the son of Nebat.

2 Kings 15:1 - In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel began Azariah son of Amaziah king of Judah to reign.

2 Chronicles 11:4 - Thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren: return every man to his house: for this thing is done of me. And they obeyed the words of the LORD, and returned from going against Jeroboam.

1 Kings 15:25 - And Nadab the son of Jeroboam began to reign over Israel in the second year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned over Israel two years.

 

Jeroboam in Easton's Bible Dictionary increase of the people. (1.) The son of Nebat (1 Kings 11:26-39), "an Ephrathite," the first king of the ten tribes, over whom he reigned twenty-two years (B.C. 976- 945). He was the son of a widow of Zereda, and while still young was promoted by Solomon to be chief superintendent of the "burnden", i.e., of the bands of forced labourers. Influenced by the words of the prophet Ahijah, he began to form conspiracies with the view of becoming king of the ten tribes; but these having been discovered, he fled to Egypt (1 Kings 11:29-40), where he remained for a length of time under the protection of Shishak I. On the death of Solomon, the ten tribes, having revolted, sent to invite him to become their king. The conduct of Rehoboam favoured the designs of Jeroboam, and he was accordingly proclaimed "king of Israel" (1 Kings 12: 1-20). He rebuilt and fortified Shechem as the capital of his kingdom. He at once adopted means to perpetuate the division thus made between the two parts of the kingdom, and erected at Dan and Bethel, the two extremities of his kingdom, "golden calves," which he set up as symbols of Jehovah, enjoining the people not any more to go up to worship at Jerusalem, but to bring their offerings to the shrines he had erected. Thus he became distinguished as the man "who made Israel to sin." This policy was followed by all the succeeding kings of Israel. While he was engaged in offering incense at Bethel, a prophet from Judah appeared before him with a warning message from the Lord. Attempting to arrest the prophet for his bold words of defiance, his hand was "dried up," and the altar before which he stood was rent asunder. At his urgent entreaty his "hand was restored him again" (1 Kings 13:1-6, 9; comp. 2 Kings 23:15); but the miracle made no abiding impression on him. His reign was one of constant war with the house of Judah. He died soon after his son Abijah (1 Kings 14:1-18). (2.) Jeroboam II., the son and successor of Jehoash, and the fourteenth king of Israel, over which he ruled for forty-one years, B.C. 825-784 (2 Kings 14:23). He followed the example of the first Jeroboam in keeping up the worship of the golden calves (2 Kings 14:24). His reign was contemporary with those of Amaziah (2 Kings 14:23) and Uzziah (15:1), kings of Judah. He was victorious over the Syrians (13:4; 14:26, 27), and extended Israel to its former limits, from "the entering of Hamath to the sea of the plain" (14:25; Amos 6:14). His reign of forty-one years was the most prosperous that Israel had ever known as yet. With all this outward prosperity, however, iniquity widely prevailed in the land (Amos 2:6-8; 4:1; 6:6; Hos. 4:12-14). The prophets Hosea (1:1), Joel (3:16; Amos 1:1, 2), Amos (1:1), and Jonah (2 Kings 14:25) lived during his reign. He died, and was buried with his ancestors (14:29). He was succeeded by his son Zachariah (q.v.). His name occurs in Scripture only in 2 Kings 13:13; 14:16, 23, 27, 28, 29; 15:1, 8; 1 Chr. 5:17; Hos. 1:1; Amos 1:1; 7:9, 10, 11. In all other passages it is Jeroboam the son of Nebat that is meant.

Jeroboam in Hitchcock's Bible Names he that opposes the people

Jeroboam in Naves Topical Bible -1. First king of Israel after the revolt Promoted by Solomon 1Ki 11:28 Ahijah's prophecy concerning 1Ki 11:29-39; 14:5-16 Flees to Egypt to escape from Solomon 1Ki 11:26-40 Recalled from Egypt by the ten tribes on account of disaffection toward Rehoboam, and made king 1Ki 12:1-20; 2Ch 10:12-19 Subverts the religion of Moses 1Ki 12:25-33; 13:33,34; 14:9,16; 16:2,26,31; 2Ch 11:14; 13:8,9 Hand of, paralyzed 1Ki 13:1-10 His wife sent to consult the prophet Ahijah concerning her child 1Ki 14:1-18 His wars with Rehoboam 1Ki 14:19,30; 15:6; 2Ch 11:1-4 His war with Abijah 1Ki 15:7; 2Ch 13 Death of 1Ki 14:20; 2Ch 13:20 -2. King of Israel Successor to Jehoash 2Ki 14:16,23 Makes conquest of Hamath and Damascus 2Ki 14:25-28 Wicked reign of 2Ki 14:24 Prophecies concerning Am 7:7-13 Death of 2Ki 14:29 Genealogies written during his reign 1Ch 5:17

Jeroboam in Smiths Bible Dictionary (whose people are many). 1. The first king of the divided kingdom of Israel, B.C. 975-954, was the son of an Ephraimite of the name of Nebat. He was raised by Solomon to the rank of superintendent over the taxes and labors exacted from the tribe of Ephraim. 1Ki 11:28 he made the most of his position, and at last was perceived by Solomon to be aiming at the monarchy. He was leaving Jerusalem, when he was met by Ahijah the prophet, who gave him the assurance that, on condition of obedience to his laws, God would establish for him a kingdom and dynasty equal to that of David. 1Ki 11:29- 40 The attempts of Solomon to cut short Jeroboam's designs occasioned his flight into Egypt. There he remained until Solomon's death. After a year's longer stay in Egypt, during which Jeroboam married Ano, the elder sister of the Egyptian queen Tahpenes, he returned to Shechem, where took place the conference with Rehoboam [REHOBOAM], and the final revolt which ended in the elevation of Jeroboam to the throne of the northern kingdom. Now occurred the fatal error of his policy. Fearing that the yearly pilgrimages to Jerusalem would undo all the work which he effected, he took the bold step of rending the religious unity of the nation, which was as yet unimpaired, asunder. He caused two golden figures of Mnevis, the sacred calf, to be made and set up at the two extremities of his kingdom, one at Dan and the other at Bethel. It was while dedicating the altar at Bethel that a prophet from Judah suddenly appeared, who denounced the altar, and foretold its desecration by Josiah, and violent overthrow. The king, stretching out his hand to arrest the prophet, felt it withered and paralyzed, and only at the prophet's prayer saw it restored, and acknowledged his divine mission. Jeroboam was at constant war with the house of Judah, but the only act distinctly recorded is a battle with Abijah, son of Rehoboam, in which he was defeated. The calamity was severely felt; he never recovered the blow, and soon after died, in the 22d year of his reign, 2Ch 13:20 and was buried in his ancestral sepulchre. 1Ki 14:20 2. Jeroboam II., the son of Joash, the fourth of the dynasty of Jehu. (B.C. 825-784.) The most prosperous of the kings of Israel. He repelled the Syrian invaders, took their capital city Damascus, 2Ki 14:28 and recovered the whole of the ancient dominion from Hamah to the Dead Sea. ch 2Ki 14:25 Ammon and Moab were reconquered, and the transjordanic tribes were restored to their territory, 2Ki 13:5; 1Ch 5:17- 22 but it was merely an outward restoration.

Jeroboam in the Bible Encyclopedia - ISBE jer-o-bo'-am (yarobh`am; Septuagint Hieroboam, usually assumed to have been derived from riyb and `am, and signifying "the people contend," or, "he pleads the people's cause"): The name was borne by two kings of Israel. (1) Jeroboam I, son of Nebat, an Ephraimite, and of Zeruah, a widow (1 Ki 11:26-40; 12 through 14:20). He was the first king of Israel after the disruption of the kingdom, and he reigned 22 years (937-915 BC). I. Jeroboam I 1. Sources: The history of Jeroboam is contained in 1 Ki 11:26-40; 12:1 through 14:20; 2 Ch 10:1 through 11:4; 11:14-16; 12:15; 13:3-20, and in an insertion in the Septuagint after 1 Ki 12:24 (a-z). This insertion covers about the same ground as the Massoretic Text, and the Septuagint elsewhere, with some additions and variations. The fact that it calls Jeroboam's mother a porne (harlot), and his wife the Egyptian princess Ano (compare 1 Ki 11); that Jeroboam is punished by the death of his son before he has done any wrong; that the episode with the prophet's mantle does not occur until the meeting at Shechem; that Jeroboam is not proclaimed king at all--all this proves the passage inferior to the Massoretic Text. No doubt it is a fragment of some historical work, which, after the manner of the later Midrash, has combined history and tradition, making rather free use of the historical kernel...

Jeroboam in Wikipedia Jeroboam (Hebrew: יָרָבְעָם‎, yarobh`am, commonly held to have been derived from riyb and `am, and signifying "the people contend," or, "he pleads the people's cause" - alternatively translated to mean "his people are many" or "he increases the people"; or even "he that opposes the people"; Greek: Ιεροβοάμ, Hieroboam in the Septuagint;[1] Latin: Jeroboam) was the first king of the northern Israelite Kingdom of Israel after the revolt of the ten northern Israelite tribes against Rehoboam that put an end to the United Monarchy. He reigned for twenty-two years. William F. Albright has dated his reign to 922 to 901 BC, while Edwin R. Thiele offers the dates 931 to 910 BC.[2]...
 

 

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Related Pages:

JEROBOAM in the Bible Encyclopedia - (1) Jeroboam I, son of Nebat, an Ephraimite, and of Zeruah, a widow (1 Ki 11:26- 40; 12 through 14:20). He was the first king of Israel after the disruption o f the ...
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Free Bible - Megiddo Seal - Jeroboam Inscription - The Megiddo Seal was discovered in 1904 by an archaeological team led by Gottlieb Schumacher. The discovery was determin ed to be a seal belonging to a ...
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Jeroboam - Biblical Meaning of Jeroboam in Eastons Bible Dict. - Jeroboam - Biblical Meaning for Jeroboam in Eastons Bible Dictionary (Bible History Online)
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Megiddo Seal - Reign of Jeroboam, (8th cent. BC) Roaring Lion with curved tail. Jasper, Inscription Oval-shaped, Scaraboid 1.2 H, 1.5 in W A single line encircles the seal ...
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Jeroboam - Meaning of Jeroboam in Smiths Bible Dictionary - Jeroboam: Biblical Meaning of Jeroboam in Smiths Bible Dictionary (Bible History Online)
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Jeroboam I: People - Ancient Near East - Bible History Links - Jeroboam I in Wikipedia Jeroboam (Hebrew: ??????????, yarobh`am, commonly h eld to have been derived from riyb and `am, and signifying "the people contend, " ...
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Jeroboam II: People - Ancient Near East - Bible History Links - Jeroboam II in Wikipedia Jeroboam II ( Latin: Jeroboam) was the son and successor of Jehoash, (alternatively ...
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The Story of the Northern Kingdom of Israel - The Old Testament - And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king o ver all Israel ...
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Map of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah (Free Bible) - Rehoboam had his fathers blessing to be the new king, but Jeroboam had more military influence. ... Jeroboam took the northern half and kept the name Israel.
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